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Interaction between 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and oil palm ash in styrene butadiene rubber compounds using response surface methodology
Institution:1. Division of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), P.O Box 77, D/A Pejabat Pos Besar, Kangar, Perlis, 01000, Malaysia;1. Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Nanostructures (LCIMN), Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Sétif 19000, Algeria;2. Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;3. School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom;4. Département de Technologie, Faculté de Technologie, Université 20 Août 1955-Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;5. Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia;6. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Villetaneuse, F-93430, France;2. Inserm U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Groupe Biothérapies et Glycoconjugués, Bobigny, F-93430, France;1. Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China;2. The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;1. Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia;2. College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
Abstract:Oil palm ash (OPA) is available in abundance and is renewable. The effects of a combination of OPA and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on the properties of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds based on their mixing ratios were studied using response surface methodology. The cure characteristics and tensile properties were selected as the responses. The significance of these factors and their interactions were analysed using ANOVA. The results showed that the presence of OPA and AMPTES had a significant effect on the properties of SBR compounds, whereby all the responses had R2 of above 0.9. This indicates that the regression model is accurate in describing and predicting the pattern of significance for each factor studied. In addition, with the highest level of AMPTES (6 phr) and OPA (80 phr) in the SBR, the tensile strength of the mixture was significantly improved by 151.6% compared to that of gum SBR compound. These findings were further supported by scanning electron microscopy.
Keywords:Oil palm ash  3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane  Styrene butadiene rubber  Response surface methodology  Tensile strength
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