High performance hybrid reinforcement of nitrile rubber using short pineapple leaf fiber and carbon black |
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| Institution: | 1. Polymer Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;2. Rubber Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;3. Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;4. Center of Sustainable Energy and Green Materials, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phuttamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;1. Laboratory of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile (The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory), Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;2. College of Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China;3. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082, USA;4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;5. Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;2. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elaz??, Turkey;5. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Firat University, Elaz??, Turkey;6. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;2. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China;3. Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomeric Composite Materials, Beijing 102617, China;1. INTI, CONICET, Centro de Caucho, Av. General Paz 5445, B1650WAB San Martín, Argentina;2. Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. IFIMAT (UNCPBA) and CIFICEN (UNCPBA-CONICET-CICPBA), Pinto 399, B7000GHG Tandil, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | Rubber composites with very high moduli at low elongation, high elongation at break and high ultimate breaking strength have been developed. The matrix was acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and the hybrid (fibrous and particulate) reinforcements were short, fine pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and carbon black. The amount of PALF was fixed at 10 parts (by weight) per hundred of rubber (phr) while that of carbon black was varied from 0 to 30 phr. Uniaxial NBR composites were prepared. Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and tear strength of the hybrid composites were characterized in both longitudinal (parallel to the fiber axis) and transverse (perpendicular to the fiber axis) directions. The addition of carbon black causes the slope of the early part of the stress–strain curve to increase and also extends breaking to greater strains. At carbon black contents of 20 phr and above, the stress–strain relation displays an upturn at high elongations, providing greater ultimate strength. Comparison with the usual carbon black filled rubber shows that the composite behavior at low strains is determined by the PALF, and at high strains by the carbon black. This high performance PALF-carbon black reinforced NBR shows great promise for engineering applications. |
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| Keywords: | Pineapple leaf fiber Carbon black Nitrile rubber Rubber composite Hybrid composite |
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