Comparison of PVDF/MWNT,PMMA/MWNT,and PVDF/PMMA/MWNT nanocomposites: MWNT dispersibility and thermal and rheological properties |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;2. Polymer Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA;1. Department of Production Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, India;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India;1. Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China;2. Institute of Fundamental Mechanics and Materials Engineering, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, PR China;1. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India;2. Centre for Nanoscience and Engineering, Bangalore 560012, India;3. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India |
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| Abstract: | Pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and PVDF/PMMA blends to achieve binary and ternary nanocomposites. MWNTs were more compatible with the PVDF matrix than with the PMMA-containing matrices. MWNT addition did not alter the development of α-form PVDF crystals in the binary/ternary composites. Nucleation and overall isothermal crystallization of PVDF were enhanced by the presence of MWNTs, and enhancements were optimal in the PVDF/MWNT binary composites. Avrami analysis revealed that addition of MWNTs led to more extensive athermal-type nucleation of PVDF, and that PMMA slightly decreased the crystal growth dimension of PVDF. The equilibrium melting temperature (Tm°) of PVDF increased in the binary composites but remained nearly constant in the ternary system. Thermal stability was enhanced in the binary/ternary composites, and enhancements were more evident in the air environment than in nitrogen. Rheological property measurements revealed that the intensely entangled chains of high-molecular weight PVDF dominated the rheological response of PVDF-included samples in the melt state. A (pseudo)network structure was developed in each of the PVDF-included samples as well as in the 1 phr MWNT-added PMMA/MWNT composite. The storage moduli of the PVDF, PMMA, and PVDF/PMMA:1/1 blend increased to 37%, 22% and 34%, respectively, at 40 °C after addition of 1 phr MWNT. |
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| Keywords: | PVDF PMMA Blend Nanocomposite Physical properties |
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