Affiliation: | a Merck Ltd. Japan, Liquid Crystal Technical Center, 4084 Nakatsu, Aikawa-machi, Aiko-gun, Kanagawa 243-0303, Japan b Merck KGaA, Liquid Crystals Division, D-64271 Darmstadt, Germany c University of Durham, South Road, Durham, UK DH1 3LE, UK |