Chemically functionalized glassy carbon spheres: a new covalent bulk modified composite electrode for the simultaneous determination of lead and cadmium |
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Authors: | Raghu Gunigollahalli Kempegowda Sampath Srinivasan Pandurangappa Malingappa |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Studies in Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore, 560 001, India;(2) Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; |
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Abstract: | A new type of covalent bulk modified glassy carbon composite electrode has been fabricated and utilized in the simultaneous
determination of lead and cadmium ions in aqueous medium. The covalent bulk modification was achieved by the chemical reduction
of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid diazonium tetrafluroborate in the presence of hypophosphorous acid as a chemical reducing agent.
The covalent attachment of the modifier molecule was examined by studying Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy and the surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy images. The electrochemistry of modified
glassy carbon spheres was studied by its cyclic voltammetry to decipher the complexing ability of the modifier molecules towards
Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. The developed sensor showed a linear response in the concentration range 1–10 μM with a detection limit of 0.18 and
0.20 μM for lead and cadmium, respectively. The applicability of the proposed sensor has been checked by measuring the lead
and cadmium levels quantitatively from sewage water and battery effluent samples. |
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