Misfit driven azimuthal orientation of NaCl domains on Ag(1 0 0)

We investigated the growth of thin NaCl films on Ag(1 0 0) by spot-profile-analysis low energy electron diffraction (SPA-LEED), varying extensively the growth temperature (200–500 K) and the film thickness (0.5–14 ML). The incommensurate growth of NaCl on Ag(1 0 0) yields (1 0 0)-terminated epitaxial NaCl domains, which are preferentially oriented with their [0 1 0] axis parallel to that of the substrate. At 300 K, the NaCl domains exhibit an azimuthal mosaicity by 14° around this orientation and the NaCl unit cell is laterally contracted in the first layers by 0.9% with respect to the bulk. At higher growth temperatures, the azimuthal mosaic distribution sharpens and additional distinct orientations appear, presumably due to a higher-order commensurability. The evolution of the azimuthal mosaic distribution with increasing temperature can be ascribed to both the NaCl thermal expansion and higher diffusion rates of NaCl on Ag(1 0 0). The best epitaxy, i.e. that with the highest selectivity of a specific azimuthal domain orientation, is achieved by growing NaCl films at low deposition rate (0.1 ML min⁻¹) on the Ag(1 0 0) substrate at constant high temperature (450–500 K). The observations made here can probably be applied more generally to other heterogeneous interfaces and, in particular, be used to improve the quality of thin insulating films.