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An analytical multi-residue approach for the determination of semi-volatile organic pollutants in pine needles
Authors:José Avelino Silva  Nuno Ratola  Sara Ramos  Vera Homem  Lúcia Santos  Arminda Alves
Institution:1. LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;2. Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Edificio CIOyN, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Abstract:Vegetation (and pine needles in particular) has been widely used as an alternative to other conventional sampling devices to assess the atmospheric presence of semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs). While most analytical procedures developed focus only on one or two chemical classes, this this work intends to establish a multi-component protocol to quantify brominated flame-retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and one class of contaminant of emerging concern, the synthetic musks fragrances (SMCs). Pine needles extracts were obtained by ultrasonic solvents extraction (USE), and different cleanup approaches using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing combinations of sorbents and solvents as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were tested. SPE with alumina followed by GCP yielded the best results, with average recoveries over 80%.
Keywords:Multi-residue method  Synthetic musk compounds  Brominated flame retardants  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  Polychlorinated biphenyls  Pine needles
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