An analytical multi-residue approach for the determination of semi-volatile organic pollutants in pine needles |
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Authors: | José Avelino Silva Nuno Ratola Sara Ramos Vera Homem Lúcia Santos Arminda Alves |
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Institution: | 1. LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;2. Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Edificio CIOyN, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain |
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Abstract: | Vegetation (and pine needles in particular) has been widely used as an alternative to other conventional sampling devices to assess the atmospheric presence of semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs). While most analytical procedures developed focus only on one or two chemical classes, this this work intends to establish a multi-component protocol to quantify brominated flame-retardants (BFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and one class of contaminant of emerging concern, the synthetic musks fragrances (SMCs). Pine needles extracts were obtained by ultrasonic solvents extraction (USE), and different cleanup approaches using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing combinations of sorbents and solvents as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were tested. SPE with alumina followed by GCP yielded the best results, with average recoveries over 80%. |
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Keywords: | Multi-residue method Synthetic musk compounds Brominated flame retardants Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polychlorinated biphenyls Pine needles |
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