Analysis of questioned documents: A review |
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| Authors: | Matí as CalcerradaAuthor Vitae,Carmen Garcí a-Ruiz |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid–Barcelona km 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | During the last years (2000–2014), many publications concerning the forensic analysis of questioned documents have been published, and new techniques and methodologies are nowadays employed to overcome forensic caseworks. This article reviews a comprehensive collection of the works focused on this issue, including dating studies, the analysis of inks from pens and printers, the analysis of paper, the analysis of other samples related to questioned documents and studies on intersecting lines. These sections highlight the most relevant analytical studies by a wide range of analytical techniques. Separation and spectrometric techniques are critically discussed and compared, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of each one. Finally, concluding remarks on the research published are included. |
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| Keywords: | AAS, atomic absorption spectroscopy ACN, acetonitrile AES, atomic emission spectrometry AlB, alkyl benzene AlR, alkyd resin ATR, attenuated total reflectance BA, benzyl alcohol BGE, background electrolyte BTA, benzotryazole CA, cluster analysis CE, capillary electrophoresis CZE, capillary zone electrophoresis C.I., colour index DAD, diode array detector DART, direct analysis in real time DCM, dichloromethane DEG, diethylene glycol DESI, desorption electrospray ionization DGPE, diethylene glycol phenyl ether DHB, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid DMF, dimetilformamide DP, discrimination power DP, dyoctil phthalate DPG, dipropylene glycol DTG, di-o-tolylguanidine EASI, easy ambient sonic-spray ionization EASY, easy ambient ED, energy dispersive EDS, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry EG, ethylene glycol ER, epoxy resin ESI, electrospray ionization EtOH, ethanol FAB, fast atom bombardment FID, flame ionization detector FLE, filtered light examination Fluor, fluorimetry FTIR, Fourier transformation infrared G, glycerine GC, gas chromatography HSI, hyperspectral imaging HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography HPTLC, high performance thin layer chromatography ICP, inductively coupled plasma IMS, imaging mass spectrometry INAA, instrumental neutron activation analysis IR, infrared IRL, infrared luminescence IRR, infrared reflectance LA, laser ablation LD, laser desorption LDA, linear discriminant analysis LDI, laser desorption ionization LED, light emitting diode LIBS, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization MECC, micellar electrokinetic chromatography MeOH, methanol MK-FTIR, microespectrometry in infrared MMA, methylmethacrylate MS, mass spectrometry MSTFA, N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide NACE, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis NIR, near infrared NMP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone OA, oleic acid PAL, palmitic acid PCA, principal component analysis PCs, principal components PDAD, photo diode array detector PE, phenoxyethanol PEE, phenoxyethoxyethanol PEG, polyethylenglicol PEt, polyethylene 1,2 PG, 1, 2-propylene glycol PLS, partial least squares POE, polyoxiethylene Pyr, pyridine REE&rsquo s, rare earth elements Rf, retention factor RP-HPLC, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography RP-IP-HPLC, reversed phase ion pairing high performance liquid chromatography S, styrene SALDI, surface assisted laser desorption ionization SCA, styrene-co-acrylate SE, solvent extraction SEM, scanning electron microscopy SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry SPME, solid phase micro-extraction SR-FTIR, synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared TBA, tributylamine acetate TBABr, tetrabutylammonium bromide TD, thermal desorption TEA, triethanolamine TEG, triethylene glycol TLC, thin layer chromatography TOF, time of flight TXRF, total reflection X-ray fluorescence UCH, unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons UV, ultra violet UV&ndash vis, ultra violet&ndash visible VSC, video spectral comparator XRF, X-ray fluorescence WAXD, wide-angle X-ray diffraction |
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