Hydration of nonelectrolytes in binary aqueous solutions |
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Authors: | A M Rudakov V V Sergievskii |
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Institution: | 1.MIFI National Nuclear Research University,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | Literature data on the thermodynamic properties of binary aqueous solutions of nonelectrolytes that show negative deviations
from Raoult’s law due largely to the contribution of the hydration of the solute are briefly surveyed. Attention is focused
on simulating the thermodynamic properties of solutions using equations of the cluster model. It is shown that the model is
based on the assumption that there exists a distribution of stoichiometric hydrates over hydration numbers. In terms of the
theory of ideal associated solutions, the equations for activity coefficients, osmotic coefficients, vapor pressure, and excess
thermodynamic functions (volume, Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy) are obtained in analytical form. Basic parameters in the
equations are the hydration numbers of the nonelectrolyte (the mathematical expectation of the distribution of hydrates) and
the dispersions of the distribution. It is concluded that the model equations adequately describe the thermodynamic properties
of a wide range of nonelectrolytes partly or completely soluble in water. |
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