水库洪水资源化调度初探

洪水资源化具有鲜明的时代特征,其利用矛盾的对立统一性原理,可有效地实现由控制洪水向洪水管理的转变.水库具有洪水资源化能力,优化水库防洪参数和规则,进行水库洪水资源化调度是一种直接、经济的非工程措施,可高效地利用雨洪资源、变汛期水为非汛期水.本文提出,水库洪水资源化调度的主要内容包括汛限水位设计和汛末蓄水研究,其中汛限水位研究包括分期汛限水位和汛限水位动态控制方法,汛末蓄水研究包括蓄水时间选定和相应的蓄水方式,并指出水库洪水资源化调度中尚存在设计洪水的不确定性、设计洪水过程线的频率意义不明晰、设计洪水与设计暴雨的频率不一致、气候变化和人类活动影响条件下的水文频率分析、分期设计洪水与年设计洪水关系、分期防洪标准的确定、预报误差规律分析以及动态控制的安全性、水库洪水资源化调度的管理机制等理论问题,并指出了研究方向.

Discussions on Floodwater Utilization from Reservoirs

Reservoir plays an important role in the integrated water resources development and management. With the rapid development of social economy and water requirements, water resource shortage problem is deteriorated and the function of reservoir in terms of floodwater utilization becomes more and more important nowadays in China. This paper mainly focuses on discussing the flood control level and the water refill in reservoir operation. Some theoretical problems on the floodwater utilization have been pointed out in detail.