On the effect of centralisation on expected profits in a multi-location Newsboy problem

This paper is a multi-location, single-period, single-product inventory problem with an opportunity for centralisation. The decentralised model in which a separate inventory is kept at every location is compared to the centralised system in which the demands are satisfied from one central warehouse. The two systems are then compared when excess demands are penalised and lost, and in the more general case where a portion or all of the excess demand at a location may be reallocated among other locations with the remaining inventory. The revenue, salvage, cost, and penalty functions at each location are assumed to be identical. Expected profits are evaluated and conditions under which the centralised model outperforms the decentralised one are derived.