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Spurious correlation as an approximation of the mutual information between redundant outputs and an unknown input
Institution:1. Department of Multimedia Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Systems Innovation, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan;1. Research Center of Analysis and Control for Complex Systems, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;2. Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things & Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;3. Department of Mathematics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi?a 4, Novi Sad, Serbia;2. “Vin?a” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Theoretical and Condensed Matter Physics – 020, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia;1. A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia;2. Departamento de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000 Lavras-MG, Brazil;3. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy;4. I.N.F.N. Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy;5. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France;6. Institute for Physical Research, 0203 Ashtarak-2, Armenia;1. College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Hunan University, 410082 Changsha, Hunan, PR China;2. School of Mathematical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 362021 Quanzhou, Fujian, PR China;3. Hunan Women’s University, 410004 Changsha, Hunan, PR China;1. Centre for Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore 53200, Pakistan;2. Differential Equations, Continuum Mechanics and Applications, School of Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. Department of Economics, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore 53200, Pakistan
Abstract:Stochastic resonance (SR) is a counterintuitive phenomenon, observed in a wide variety of nonlinear systems, for which the addition of noise of opportune magnitude can improve signal detection. Tuning the noise for maximizing the SR effect is important both for artificial and biological systems. In the case of artificial systems, full exploitation of the SR effect opens the possibility of measuring otherwise unmeasurable signals. In biology, identification of possible SR maximization mechanisms is of great interest for explaining the low-energy high-sensitivity perception capabilities often observed in animals. SR maximization approaches presented in literature use knowledge on the input signal (or stimulus, in the case of living beings), and maximize the mutual information between the input and the output signal. The input signal, however, is unknown in many practical settings. To cope with this problem, this paper introduces an approximation of the input–output mutual information based on the spurious correlation among a set of redundant units. A proof of the approximation, as well as numerical examples of its application are given.
Keywords:Stochastic resonance  Total correlation
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