Analytical applications of absorption spectroelectrochemistry at grazing incidence

Analytical applications of spectroelectrochemistry are limited by the short path-length, in the absorbing medium, that can be produced with most light-beam/electrode configurations. This disadvantage is overcome for grazing incidence. A cell fitted with glassy-carbon electrodes and used in a conventional spectrophotometer is described and applied to model systems illustrating the use of (a) homogeneous redox reactions, (b) homogeneous redox reaction followed by chemical reaction and (c) electro-deposition followed by stripping into a reagent solution. This last technique is the spectroelectrochemical analogue of anodic-stripping voltammetry.