The combi-CLEA approach: enzymatic cascade synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-mandelic acid |
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Authors: | Andrzej Chmura Sven Rustler Monica Paravidino Fred van Rantwijk Andreas Stolz Roger A. Sheldon |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands;2. Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany |
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Abstract: | Enantiomerically pure (S)-mandelic acid was synthesised from benzaldehyde by sequential hydrocyanation and hydrolysis in a bienzymatic cascade at starting concentrations up to 0.25 M. A cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) composed of the (S)-selective oxynitrilase from Manihot esculenta and the non-selective nitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC 191 was employed as the biocatalyst. The nitrilase produces approx. equal amounts of (S)-mandelic acid and (S)-mandelic amide from (S)-mandelonitrile under standard conditions, but we surprisingly found that high (up to 0.5 M) concentrations of HCN induced a marked drift towards amide production. By including the amidase from Rhodococcus erythopolis in the CLEA we obtained (S)-mandelic acid as the sole product in 90% yield and >99% enantiomeric purity. |
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