Homeopathic ligand-free palladium as a catalyst in the heck reaction. A comparison with a palladacycle |
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| Authors: | de Vries André H M Mulders Jan M C A Mommers John H M Henderickx Huub J W de Vries Johannes G |
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| Affiliation: | DSM Pharma Chemicals-Advanced Synthesis, Catalysis & Development, P.O. Box 18, 6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands. |
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| Abstract: | [reaction: see text] Ligand-free Pd(OAc)(2) can be used as a catalyst in the Heck reaction of aryl bromides as long as the amount of catalyst is kept between 0.01 and 0.1 mol %. At higher concentrations palladium black forms and the reaction stops. The actual catalyst is monomeric. Palladacycles merely serve as a source of ligand-free palladium in Heck reactions of aryl bromides. |
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