甲壳素和壳聚糖作为天然生物高分子材料的研究进展

甲壳素是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的天然高分子,壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰化后带有阳离子的多糖.壳聚糖中的自由氨基以及它的高结晶性,使得它能溶于酸,而不溶于碱和绝大数的有机溶剂.同时壳聚糖具有无毒性、无刺激性、良好的生物相容性、生物可溶解性, 以及高的电荷密度,因而被作为一种新型的天然生物材料得到广泛应用.文章介绍了甲壳素和壳聚糖的结构和性质,综述分析了甲壳素和壳聚糖在制备微球和作为支架材料中的应用, 并总结了甲壳素和壳聚糖在这两个方面存在的问题和发展前景.

Progress in the research on Chitin and Chitosan as Natural Biopolymer

Chitin is a kind of natural biopolymer with high content only inferior to cellulose.Chitosan is cationic polysaccharide derived by deacetylation of chitin.Due to the existence of free amino groups and the high crystallinity,chitosan is soluble in acid,but insoluble in alkaline and most organic solvents.Properties such as non-toxic,non-irritant,good biocompatibility,biodegradability and high charge density make chitosan suitable for wide use as a new natural biomaterial.This review is an insight into the structure and properties of chitin and chitosan.The applications of these materials in preparing microspheres and making scaffolds are also reviewed.The problems and prospect in the application of the chitin and chitosan are also summarized.