A study of M-X-BR3 (M = Pt, Pd or Rh; X = Cl or I) interactions in square planar ambiphilic ligand complexes: structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational comparisons with borane-free analogues

Reaction of PtCl(2)(COD)] and PtI(2)(COD)] with 2,7-di-tert-butyl-5-diphenylboryl-4-diphenylphosphino-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene (TXPB) afforded square planar PtCl(2)(TXPB)] (1B) and PtI(2)(TXPB)] (4B), both of which were crystallographically characterized. Single-crystal X-ray quality crystals were also obtained for PdCl(2)(TXPB)] (2B; Emslie et al., Organometallics, 2008, 27, 5317) as 2B·2CH(2)Cl(2) and solvent-free 2B. Both the chloro and iodo TXPB complexes exhibit metal-halide-borane bridging interactions similar to those in previously reported RhCl(CO)(TXPB)] (3B) and RhI(CO)(TXPB)] (5B) (Emslie et al., Organometallics, 2006, 25, 583 and Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 4060). To facilitate a more detailed analysis of M-X-BR(3) (X = Cl and I) interactions, a borane-free analogue of the TXPB ligand, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4-diphenylphosphino-9,9-dimethylthioxanthene (TXPH), was prepared. Reaction with PtX(2)(COD)] (X = Cl or I), PdCl(2)(COD)] and 0.5 {RhCl(CO)(2)}(2)] provided square planar PtCl(2)(TXPH)] (1H), PdCl(2)(TXPH)] (2H), RhCl(CO)(TXPH)] (3H) and PtI(2)(TXPH)] (4H). M-Cl-BR(3) and M-I-BR(3) bonding in 1B-5B was then probed through the use of structural comparisons, IR and NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations (Slater-type orbitals, Mayer bond orders, Hirshfeld charges, fragment analysis, SCF deformation density isosurfaces, and energy decomposition analysis).