Chemical Profiling,Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils from Three Grapefruit Cultivars from KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa |
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Authors: | Gugulethu Miya Mongikazi Nyalambisa Opeoluwa Oyedeji Mavuto Gondwe Adebola Oyedeji |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Chemical and Physical Science, Faculty of Natural Science, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa;2.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (M.N.); (O.O.);3.Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5099, South Africa; |
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Abstract: | The medicinal potential and volatile composition of different parts of three cultivars of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) were evaluated for their toxicity and anti-inflammatory activities. Fresh leaf and fruit peel were separately isolated by hydrodistillation for 4 h. The essential oils were subjected to GC/GC-MS analysis for chemical profile. Toxicity of the essential oils in mice were evaluated using Lorke’s method, while an anti-inflammatory assay was performed in a rat model using egg albumin-induced oedema. The oils obtained were light yellow in colour, and odour varied from strong citrus smell to mild. Percentage yield of fresh peel oil (0.34–0.57%) was greater than the fresh leaf oil yield (0.21–0.34%). D-limonene (86.70–89.90%) was the major compound identified in the leaf oil, while β-phellandrene (90.00–91.01%) dominated the peel oil. At a dosage level of 5000 mg/kg, none of the oils showed mortality in mice. An anti-inflammatory bioassay revealed that all the oils caused a significant (p < 0.05–0.01) reduction in oedema size when compared to the negative control group throughout the 5 h post induction assessment period. The study reveals that the oils are non-toxic and demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings suggest that the leaf and peel oils obtained from waste parts of grapefruit plants can be useful as flavouring agents, as well as anti-inflammatory agents. |
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Keywords: | Citrus paradisi grapefruit essential oil toxicity anti-inflammatory |
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