某型地基相控阵天线指向系统性误差分析

相控阵天线的指向精度决定着雷达系统对目标的探测精度，甚至会影响跟踪、截获目标的成败。以一种地基相控阵天线为例，详细分析了机电混合扫描天线的指向系统性误差来源：1)热形变导致的单元间距误差，2)空气折射，3)伺服机械转动误差，4)天线内部温度场变化等。从理论上分析了上述因素对天线指向精度的影响，并提出了完整的远场误差校准方法和误差修正流程。试验结果表明，误差来源分析准确，所提出的校准方法可以明显改善天线指向精度，从而提高雷达系统跟踪精度和威力，对于地基乃至移动平台相控阵天线的设计与应用具有重要的参考价值。

Analysis of the Systematic Beam Pointing Error for A Ground-based Phased Array Antenna

The pointing accuracy of phased array antenna determinates the detection accuracy of radar system, and even effects the success or failure of tracking and intercepting target. Taking a kind of ground-based phased array antenna as an example, the sources of systematic pointing error in the electromechanical hybrid scanning antenna are detailed including 1) the distance error between antenna units caused by thermal deformation, 2) air refraction, 3) mechanical error during azimuth rotating, 4) temperature field distribution within the antenna. In this paper, the influence of the above factors on the antenna pointing accuracy is analyzed theoretically, and the complete remote field error calibration method and error correction process are proposed. The experiment results show that the error sources analysis is correct. And also, the proposed calibration method can greatly improve the antenna pointing accuracy. Thus, the tracking accuracy and the power of radar system are obvious improved. It has the important reference value for the design and application of ground-based and mobile-platform phased array antenna.