Impact of Strong and Weak Lipid–Protein Interactions on the Structure of a Lipid Bilayer on a Gold Electrode Surface

A lipid bilayer deposited on an electrode surface can serve as a benchmark system to investigate lipid–protein interactions in the presence of physiological electric fields. Recoverin and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) are used to study the impact of strong and weak protein–lipid interactions on the structure of model lipid bilayers, respectively. The structural changes in lipid bilayers are followed using electrochemical polarization modulation infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (PM IRRAS). Recoverin contains a myristoyl group that anchors in the hydrophobic part of a cell membrane. Insertion of the protein into the 1,2‐dimyristoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylcholine (DMPC)–cholesterol lipid bilayer leads to an increase in the capacitance of the lipid film adsorbed on a gold electrode surface. The stability and kinetics of the electric‐field‐driven adsorption–desorption process are not affected by the interaction with protein. Upon interaction with recoverin, the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains become less ordered. The polar head groups are separated from each other, which allows for recoverin association in the membrane. MAG is known to interact with glycolipids present on the surface of a cell membrane. Upon probing the interaction of the DMPC–cholesterol–glycolipid bilayer with MAG a slight decrease in the capacity of the adsorbed lipid film is observed. The stability of the lipid bilayer increases towards negative potentials. At the molecular scale this interaction results in minor changes in the structure of the lipid bilayer. MAG causes small ordering in the hydrocarbon chains region and an increase in the hydration of the polar head groups. Combining an electrochemical approach with a structure‐sensitive technique, such as PM IRRAS, is a powerful tool to follow small but significant changes in the structure of a supramolecular assembly.