Synthesis of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes over supported catalysts |
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| Authors: | A Fonseca K Hernadi P Piedigrosso J-F Colomer K Mukhopadhyay R Doome S Lazarescu LP Biro P Lambin PA Thiry D Bernaerts JB Nagy |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute for Studies in Interface Science, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium, BE;(2) Applied Chemistry Department, Jozsef Attila University, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich B. ter 1, Hungary, HU;(3) KFKI-Research Institute for Materials Science, H-1525 Budapest, P.O. Box 49, Hungary, HU;(4) EMAT, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium, BE |
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| Abstract: | The quantities of deposited carbon were measured and the quality of the nanotubes was characterized by means of transmission
electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The inner and outer diameters of the nanotubes were also measured and
the diameter distribution histograms were established. The multi-wall straight and coiled nanotubes were found to be quite
regular with an average inner (outer) diameter of 4–7 nm (15–25 nm) and with lengths up to 50 μm. The walls contain concentric
cylindrical graphene sheets separated by the graphitic interlayer distance. The single-wall nanotubes were found as bundles
of hundreds of aligned straight 1-nm-diameter nanotubes with lengths up to 1-μm.
The influence of various parameters such as the method of catalyst preparation, the nature and the pore size of the support,
the nature of the metal, the quantity of catalyst active particles, and the reaction conditions on the nanotubes formation
were studied. The numbers and dimensions of the catalyst active particles dispersed on the support were found to be of importance
in regulating the shape of the produced nanotubes. Following these results, a model of growth mechanism was suggested for
the nanotubes obtained by this method.
Received: 5 January 1998 |
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