Anomalous capacity and cycling stability of xLi2MnO3 · (1 ? x)LiMO2 electrodes (M = Mn,Ni, Co) in lithium batteries at 50 °C |
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| Institution: | 1. Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;2. National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan;3. Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis and Material Engineering, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia;4. School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia;1. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;3. Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada;4. Department of Physics & CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616 USA;5. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;6. Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA;7. Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China;3. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;4. State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China;5. Energy Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China;2. Guangzhou Key Laboratory for New Energy and Green Catalysis, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China;3. Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510000, China |
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| Abstract: | Transition metal oxides with composite xLi2MnO3 · (1 ? x)LiMO2 rocksalt structures (M = Mn, Ni, Co) are of interest as a new generation of cathode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. After electrochemical activation to 4.6 or 4.8 V (vs. Li0) at 50 °C, xLi2MnO3 · (1 ? x)LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2 (x = 0.5, 0.7) electrodes deliver initial discharge capacities (>300 mAh/g) at a low current rate (0.05 mA/cm2) that exceed the theoretical values for lithiation back to the rocksalt stoichiometry (240–260 mAh/g), at least during the early charge/discharge cycles of the cells. Attention is drawn to previous reports of similar, but unaccounted and unexplained anomalous behavior of these types of electrode materials. Possible reasons for this anomalous capacity are suggested. Indications are that electrodes in which M = Mn, Ni and Co do not cycle with the same stability at 50 °C as those without cobalt. |
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