Formation of spatial solitons and spatial shock waves in photorefractive crystals

An analytical model, which describes the drift and diffusion mechanisms for the formation of the nonlinear response (local and nonlocal nonlinearities) of photorefractive crystals on the microscopic level, is constructed. New types of stable self-consistent distributions of the light field intensity, i.e., spatial solitons, are found. The trajectories of their motion (self-bending) are calculated, and the possibility of observing a new nonlinear-optical effect in photorefractive crystals, viz., the formation of spatial shock waves, is demonstrated. The modulation instability appearing when plane waves propagate in photorefractive crystals is analyzed, and the characteristic spatial scales of the light field distribution formed as a result of self-interaction (fanning) are determined. The results of the analysis are confirmed by computer simulation data. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 705–716 (February 1997)