Cation radicals — intermediates in the vilsmeier-haack reaction

It was observed that cation radicals are intermediate particles in the formylation of N,N'-alkyl- or -aryldihydrophenazines with dimethyIformamide in the presence of POC1₃. The observed instantaneous cation-radical concentrations in the investigated reactions depend substantially on the concentrations and ratios of the starting reagents and may reach 50–90% based on the substrate undergoing formylation.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 835–839, June, 1984.