Acoustic measurement of suspensions of clay and silt particles using single frequency attenuation and backscatter |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, 1 Coliseum Drive, University, MS 38677-1848, United States;2. USDA-ARS-NSL, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655, United States;1. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Sinitaival 6, P.O. Box 1300, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland;2. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tekniikantie 4A, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland;1. BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) - Division 7.2 “Buildings and Structures”. Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Ognissanti 39, 35129 Padova, Italy;1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran;1. Department of Programming and Mathematics, Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Severodonetsk, Ukraine;2. Computer Science and Technology Department, Kryvyi Rih National University, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine |
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| Abstract: | The use of ultrasonic acoustic technology to measure the concentration of fine suspended sediments has the potential to greatly increase the temporal and spatial resolution of sediment measurements while reducing the need for personnel to be present at gauging stations during storm events. The conversion of high-frequency attenuation and backscatter amplitudes to suspended silt and clay concentration has received relatively little attention in the literature. In order to improve the state of knowledge, a laboratory investigation was undertaken by the National Center for Physical Acoustics in cooperation with the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory. In these experiments, two immersion transducers were used to measure attenuation and backscatter from 20 MHz acoustic signals propagated through suspended clay (smectite and kaolinite) and silt particles. The resulting data includes attenuation values for a wide range of concentrations (0.3–14 g/L) and particle sizes (0.03–14 μm diameter). Attenuation curves for each particle were compared to the theoretical attenuation curves developed by Urick (1948) and Sheng and Hay (1988) for scattering as presented by Landers (2010) [5,11,12]. In addition, it was found that the backscatter signal could be used to discriminate between suspensions dominated by clay or silt. |
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| Keywords: | Sediment Ultrasound Attenuation Backscatter Fines |
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