外商直接投资在辽宁省的发展现状及特点

改革开放30多年来,外商直接投资对中国经济增长做出了巨大的贡献。辽宁省作为东北地区老工业基地,自1979年开始引进外商直接投资(以下简称FDI),特别是进入上个世纪90年代以来,外商直接投资不论在数量、规模和发展速度上均增长较快,在一定程度上促进了区域经济的发展,尤其是沈阳和大连在产业升级、新技术吸收及结构调整中表现突出。与此同时,辽宁省在引进和利用FDI中,也存在着地区分布不平衡、产业结构不合理和技术溢出效应不明显等问题,其对辽宁省的区域经济发展也产生了不利的影响。分析了外商直接投资在辽宁的发展现状,与2014年中国引入外商直接投资最多的前三名江苏、广东、上海对比,探讨了辽宁利用FDI的特点。目前,辽宁省在参与“一带一路”建设中,积极引进和合理利用FDI,对于产业转型升级、培育新的经济增长极、深化区域经济合作共赢等具有重要的理论和现实意义。

Status Quo and Features of Foreign Direct Investmentin Liaoning Province

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has made significant contribution to China’s economic growth since its reforms and opening-up in the past three decades. Performing as the flagship of the established northeast industrial base of China, Liaoning’s economic development has been greatly promoted by absorbing FDI that has witnessed faster development in quantity, scale and development speed since its first introduction of FDI from 1979, especially from 1990’s. Dalian and Shenyang extensively outstand themselves in industrial upgrading, new technology absorption and structure adjustment. Meanwhile, regional distribution imbalance, unreasonable industrial structure and the inconspicuous technical spillover effect have exerted disadvantageous influence on Liaoning’s regional economic development. This paper analyzes the status quo of FDI in Liaoning province and the features of FDI and compares the top three areas, Jiangsu, Guangdong and Shanghai, in FDI absorption in 2014. Currently, the active introduction and rational utilization of FDI has important theoretical and realistic significance in industry transformation and upgrading, new economic growth cultivation and the deepening of win-win regional economic cooperation in the construction of “One Belt, One Road”.