Anion recognition and sensing in organic and aqueous media using luminescent and colorimetric sensors |
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Authors: | Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson Mark Glynn Gillian M. Tocci Paul E. Kruger Frederick M. Pfeffer |
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Affiliation: | aSchool of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;bFaculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia |
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Abstract: | This review article focuses primarily on the work carried in our laboratories over the last few years using luminescent and colorimetric sensors, where the anion recognition occurs through hydrogen bonding in organic or aqueous solvents. This review begins with the story of the discovery of fluorescent photoinduced electron transfer (PET) sensors for anions using charged neutral urea or thiourea receptors where both fluorescent and NMR spectroscopic methods monitored anion recognition. This work led to the development of dual luminescent and colorimetric anion sensors based on the use of the ICT based naphthalimide chromophore, where ions such as fluoride gave rise to changes in both the fluorescence and the absorption spectra of the sensors, but at different concentrations. Here, the former changes were due to hydrogen bonding interactions, whereas the latter was due to the deprotonation of acidic protons, giving rise to the formation of the bifluoride anion (HF2−). Modification of the 4-amino-l,8-naphthalimide moiety has facilitated the formation of colorimetric anion sensors that work both in organic or aqueous solutions. Such charge neutral receptor motifs have also been incorporated into organic scaffolds with norbomyl and calixarene backbones, which have enabled us to produce anion directed self-assembled structures. |
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Keywords: | Anion sensing Acetate Fluoride Dihydrogenphosphate Urea Thiourea Deprotonation Bifluoride HF2− Fluorescence sensors Colorimetric sensors Supramolecular chemistry PET Photoinduced electron transfer Lanthanide luminescence Self-assembly NMR |
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