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Assessment of Aqueous Extraction Methods on Extractable Organic Matter and Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Fractions of Virgin Forest Soils
Authors:Wan Muhammad Ikram Wan Mohd Zamri  Fridelina Sjahrir  Nor Suhaila Yaacob  Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli  Mohd Fadzli Ahmad  Hasdianty Abdullah  Maegala Nallapan Maniyam  Emi Fazlina Hashim  Nobuyuki Kawasaki  Kazuhiro Komatsu  Victor S Kuwahara
Abstract:The assessment of water-extractable organic matter using an autoclave can provide useful information on physical, chemical, and biological changes within the soil. The present study used virgin forest soils from Chini Forest Reserve, Langkawi Island, and Kenyir Forest Reserve (Malaysia), extracted using different extraction methods. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and ammonium-nitrate content were higher in the autoclave treatments, up to 3.0, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.4 times more than by natural extraction (extracted for 24 h at room temperature). Overall, the highest extractable DOC, TDN, TDP, ammonium and nitrate could be seen under autoclaved conditions 121 °C 2×, up to 146.74 mg C/L, 8.97 mg N/L, 0.23 mg P/L, 5.43 mg N mg/L and 3.47 N mg/L, respectively. The soil extracts became slightly acidic with a higher temperature and longer duration. Similar trends were observed in the humic and nonhumic substances, where different types of soil extract treatments influenced the concentrations of the fractions. Different soil extraction methods can provide further details, thus widening the application of soil extracts, especially in microbes.
Keywords:autoclaved  dissolved organic carbon  fractions  humic substances  soil extraction  total dissolved nitrogen  total dissolved phosphorus
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