Microwave-assisted extraction for qualitative and quantitative determination of brominated flame retardants in styrenic plastic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) |
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Authors: | Francisco Vilaplana Amparo Ribes-Greus |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden b Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales (ITM), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño (ETSID), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain |
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Abstract: | A fast method for the determination of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in styrenic polymers using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) was developed. Different extraction parameters (extraction temperature and time, type of solvent, particle size) were first optimised for standard high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) samples containing known amounts of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE). Complete extraction of TBBPA was achieved using a combination of polar/non-polar solvent system (isopropanol/n-hexane) and high extraction temperatures (130 °C). Lower extraction yields were, however, obtained for Deca-BDE, due to its high molecular weight and its non-polar nature. The developed method was successfully applied to the screening of BFRs in standard plastic samples from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE); TBBPA could be fully recovered, and Deca-BDE could be identified, together with minor order polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners. |
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Keywords: | Microwave-assisted extraction Brominated flame retardants Polymers HPLC-UV |
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