高空核爆炸形成人工辐射带的数值模拟

基于Stmer关于带电粒子在地球磁场中运动的理论模型，分析得出高能电子在地球周围的运动区域.结合高空核爆形成放射性烟云的经验模型，推断高空核爆在地球周围形成人工辐射带的基本区域.进而利用高空核爆裂变特性和辐射带中高能粒子的分布特性，计算得到高空核爆形成人工辐射带的电子密度通量，并对高空核爆激发的人工辐射带特征与核爆炸的爆点纬度、高度及当量之间的关系作了初步的定量分析.数值模拟结果表明，在一定的条件下，0.1—1Mt TNT当量的高空核爆，预计在地球周围可形成电子通量密度比自然辐射带高3—4个量级的人工辐射带.形成的人工辐射带中心位置主要受核爆爆点地磁纬度的影响，核爆的爆高和核爆的当量则对人工辐射带的厚度及其中高能电子的通量密度有一定的影响. 关键词： 高空核爆 人工辐射带 高能电子通量 爆炸当量

Numerical simulation of the formation of artificial radiation belt caused by high altitude nuclear detonation

According to the previous theory of the motion of charged particles in the Earths magnetic field， we derive the spatial region to which energetic particles around the Earth can extend. Using an empirical model for radiative debris produced by the high altitude nuclear detonation （HAND），we investigate the primary region where HAND-induced artificial radiation belt can form.Finally，in terms of the fission property of HAND and the characteristic features of energetic electron distributions in the natural belts，the electron flux within the artificial radiation belt is calculated and the preliminary study of its dependences on explosion latitude，altitude，and equivalence are carried out quantitatively. The numerical results show that，under certain circumstances，the HAND with 0.1—1 Mt TNT explosion equivalence can be expected to produce an artificial radiation belt near the Earth with the flux 3—4 orders of magnitude higher than the natural ones. The central location of the artificial belt largely relies on the magnetic latitude where the detonation takes place while the thickness and electron flux of the artificial radiation belt are affected by the explosion altitude and equivalence.