微波照射对小白鼠睾丸发育和精子发生过程损伤效应的研究

40只小白鼠分4组,3组小白鼠受到波长为12.2毫米、频率为21～22GHz的微波照射,照射时间分别为30分钟、60分钟和110分钟,在照射后1、5、14、21、30、45、60天处死取材,称取睾丸重量,并制备石腊切片做光学显微镜观察,制备超薄切片和冷冻蚀刻复型膜进行电子显微镜观察.结果表明功率密度为30～40 毫瓦/平方厘米的微波照射对睾丸生精细胞有明显的破坏作用,睾丸发育迟缓,曲细精管的细胞层次减少,精子发生过程障碍,精母细胞和精子细胞的膜结构,特别是核膜更为敏感.膜结构的破坏是细胞功能障碍和死亡的重要原因.波长为12.2毫米的照射穿透深度低于波长为12厘米的情况,但照射后损伤效应与厘米波相似,这表明生物机体对微波的反应是个复杂的过程.另外,在实验中观察到睾丸受照射后升温2℃左右,热作用研究结果表明不会产生细胞结构损伤,我们认为本实验中观察到的细胞结构破坏是非热效应引起的.

Studies on the Effects of Microwave Radiation to the Development and Spermatogenesis of Testis in Mice

40 mice were divided into four groups, three of them were irradiated by microwave (wavelength 12. 2mm; frequency 21 - 22 GHz) for 30 min, 60min and 90min respectively, and sacrified after 1,5,14,21,30,45,60 days. Testicle weight was measured at first, and then paraffin sections. Ultra thin sections and freeze fracture replicas were prepared for the observation withlight microscpe and electron microscope. The results showed that microwave radiation with power of 30 - 40mW had obvious damage to germ cells, such as grown rate of testis becomes slow, layer of germ cell in seminiferous tube is decreased, the process of spermatogenesis was disrupted. The membrane structure in spermatocyte and spermatid.especialy nuclear membrane was more sensitive under microwave radiation. The damage of membrane is the most important reason for the obstruction of cell function and cell death. The wavelength used is 12. 2mm which is much shorter than 12. 0cm, but the results are similar. There are a complicated biological reaction after microwave irradiation. The experiment shows that there exists a non-heat effect for the testicular damage.