Electromagnetic backscattering from freak waves in(1+1)-dimensional deep-water |
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Authors: | Xie Tao Shen Tao William Perrie Chen Wei and Kuang Hai-Lan |
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Institution: | School of Information Engineering of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Bedford Institute of Oceanography, B2Y 4A2, Dartmouth, NS, Canada |
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Abstract: | To study the electromagnetic (EM) backscatter
characteristics of freak waves at moderate incidence angles, we
establish an EM backscattering model for freak waves in
(1+1)-dimensional deep water. The nonlinear interaction between
freak waves and Bragg short waves is considered to be the basic
hydrodynamic spectra modulation mechanism in the model. Numerical
results suggest that the EM backscattering intensities of freak
waves are less than those from the background sea surface at
moderate incidence angles. The normalised radar cross sections
(NRCSs) from freak waves are highly polarisation dependent, even at
low incidence angles, which is different from the situation for
normal sea waves; moreover, the NRCS of freak waves is more
polarisation dependent than the background sea surface. NRCS
discrepancies between freak waves and the background sea surface
with using horizontal transmitting horizomtal (HH) polarisation are
larger than those with using vertical transmitting vertical (VV)
polarisation, at moderate incident angles. NRCS discrepancies
between freak waves and background sea surface decreases with the
increase of incidence angle, in both HH and VV polarisation radars.
As an application, in the synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imaging of
freak waves, we suggest that freak waves should have extremely low
backscatter NRCSs for the freak wave facet with the strongest slope.
Compared with the background sea surface, the freak waves should be
darker in HH polarisation echo images than in VV echo images, in SAR
images. Freak waves can be more easily detected from the background
sea surface in HH polarisation images than in VV polarisation
images. The possibility of detection of freak waves at low incidence
angles is much higher than at high incidence angles. |
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Keywords: | freak wave nonlinearities electromagnetic
backscattering sea surface |
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