Automatic spectroscopy of solids in the low-frequency range

An automatic low frequency spectrometer is described, which gives plots of impedance, admittance and dielectric data versus the logarithm of the frequency as well as complex-plane plots of these data in the frequency range 100 Hz to 10 MHz and in the temperature range from 220 to 470 K. The development of this spectrometer was started in 1975 using a processor-controlled synthesizer and gain/phase-meter. Some typical applications are summarized.