| Abstract: | Although man has used pigments to impart color to his surroundings since prehistoric times, it is only in the 20th century that methods for objective testing and evaluation of their optical properties have become available. Colorimetry and color-order systems based on principles of color perception, in particular the Adams-Nickerson system, which form the basis of these methods are described, and are followed by a discussion of the theories of light absorption and light scattering, in particular of the Kubelka-Munk theory. Of the important optical pigment properties chromaticity and color difference, tinting strength and lightening power (of white pigments), and the hiding power of colored and uncolored coatings are discussed on the basis of the testing methods. Sweeping developments in computer technology during recent years have contributed significantly to the present advanced status of testing practice; further progress in testing methods may be expected in the future as our understanding of the visual process improves. |
