A novel polybenzimidazole-modified gold electrode for the analytical determination of hydrogen peroxide |
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Authors: | Hua Mu-Yi Chen Hsiao-Chien Tsai Rung-Ywan Lai Chao-Sung |
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Affiliation: | a Green Technology Research Center, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC b Biosensor Group, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC c Electronics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Rd., Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan, ROC d Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Rd., Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, ROC |
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Abstract: | The imine of polybenzimidazole (PBI) is chemically oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) showed that when the AcOH concentration remained constant, the degree of oxidation increased with increasing H2O2 levels. Moreover, the imine also exhibited electrochemical redox behavior. Based on these properties, a PBI-modified Au (PBI/Au) electrode was developed as an enzyme-free H2O2 sensor. At an applied potential of −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the current response of the PBI/Au electrode was linear with H2O2 concentration over a range from 0.075 to 1.5 mM, with a sensitivity of 55.0 μA mM−1 cm−2. The probe had excellent stability, with <5% variation from its initial response current after storage at 50 °C for 10 days. Potentially interfering species such as ascorbic or uric acid had no effect on sensitivity. Sensitivity improved dramatically when multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were incorporated in the probe. Under optimal conditions, the detection of H2O2 using a MWCNT-PBI/Au electrode was linear from 1.56 μM to 2.5 mM, with a sensitivity of 928.6 μA mM−1 cm−2. Analysis of H2O2 concentrations in urine samples using a MWCNT-PBI/Au electrode produced accurate real-time results comparable to those of traditional HPLC methods. |
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Keywords: | AA, ascorbic acid AcOH, acetic acid AcOOH, peracetic acid DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide FE-SEM, field-emission scanning electron microscopy FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotubes PBI, polybenzimidazole imine PBINO, PBI N-oxide PBI/Au, PBI-modified Au PBS, phosphate buffer solution UA, uric acid XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
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