Improved proton spectroscopic U-FLARE imaging for the detection of coupled resonances in the rat brain in vivo |
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| Authors: | Dreher W Leibfritz D |
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| Institution: | 1. Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;2. Department of Imaging Technology & Sonography, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana;3. Biomedical Science Programme, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;4. Centre for Diagnostic Nuclear Imaging, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;1. Electronics and Microelectronics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Environment Street, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia;2. XLIM Institute, University of Poitiers, Bât SP2MI, 11 Bd Marie et Pierre Curie, 86962 Chasseneuil Cedex, France;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University of Islamabad, Attock Campus, Pakistan;4. Huawei-France, France;5. XLIM Institute, University of Poitiers, Bât SP2MI, 11 Bd Marie et Pierre Curie, 86962 Chasseneuil Cedex, France;6. College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia;1. Oxford University Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Level 0, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom;2. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Barbaros, 17100 Kepez/Çanakkale Merkez/Çanakkale, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Modifications of the pulse sequence for spectroscopic U-FLARE imaging are discussed to detect not only the predominant singlet signals of N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, and choline containing compounds or the doublet signal of lactate, but also the coupled resonances of glutamate, glutamine, taurine and myo-inositol. Effective homonuclear decoupling is achieved by use of constant time chemical shift encoding. A maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained for a certain coupled resonance of interest by optimizing the evolution period t(c) of the J modulated spin echo. Good reproducibility and a high SNR were achieved by combining several methods for water suppression and by using the displaced variant of U-FLARE. Measurements of a 3 mm slice of the rat brain were performed in vivo within 4 min, giving a nominal voxel size of 1.5 x 1.5 x 3.0 mm3 or 1.5 x 0.75 x 3.0 mm3. Thus, optimized spectroscopic U-FLARE is a powerful tool for proton spectroscopic imaging with high spectral, spatial and temporal resolution. |
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