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Micromechanical analysis of kinematic hardening in natural clay
Authors:Zhen-Yu Yin  Ching S Chang  Pierre-Yves Hicher  Minna Karstunen
Institution:1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 2100, 02015 TKK, Finland;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA;3. Research Institute in Civil and Mechanical Engineering, GeM UMR CNRS 6183, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, BP 92101, 44321 Nantes Cedex 3, France;4. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
Abstract:This paper presents a micromechanical analysis of the macroscopic behaviour of natural clay. A microstructural stress–strain model for clayey material has been developed which considers clay as a collection of clusters. The deformation of a representative volume of the material is generated by mobilizing and compressing all the clusters along their contact planes. Numerical simulations of multistage drained triaxial stress paths on Otaniemi clay have been performed and compared the numerical results to the experimental ones in order to validate the modelling approach. Then, the numerical results obtained at the microscopic level were analysed in order to explain the induced anisotropy observed in the clay behaviour at the macroscopic level. The evolution of the state variables at each contact plane during loading can explain the changes in shape and position in the stress space of the yield surface at the macroscopic level, as well as the rotation of the axes of anisotropy of the material.
Keywords:Microstructures (A)  Yield condition (A)  Anisotropic material (B)  Constitutive behaviour (B)  Elastic&ndash  plastic material (B)
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