Multivariate analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy chemical signatures for geomaterial classification |
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Authors: | Jennifer L. Gottfried Russell S. Harmon Frank C. De Lucia Jr. Andrzej W. Miziolek |
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Affiliation: | aUS Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005-5069, USA;bARL Army Research Office, PO Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211, USA |
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Abstract: | A large suite of natural carbonate, fluorite and silicate geological materials was studied using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Both single- and double-pulse LIBS spectra were acquired using close-contact benchtop and standoff (25 m) LIBS systems. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to identify the distinguishing characteristics of the geological samples and to classify the materials. Excellent discrimination was achieved with all sample types using PLS-DA and several techniques for improving sample classification were identified. The laboratory double-pulse LIBS system did not provide any advantage for sample classification over the single-pulse LIBS system, except in the case of the soil samples. The standoff LIBS system provided comparable results to the laboratory systems. This work also demonstrates how PCA can be used to identify spectral differences between similar sample types based on minor impurities. |
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Keywords: | Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Chemical signatures Geomaterial classification Multivariate analysis |
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