Thermoresponsive behavior of charged N-isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogels containing gold nanostructures

We report the synthesis of N-isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogels containing either an anionic (acrylic acid) or cationic ([2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) co-monomer. These hydrogels were cross-linked with a cleaveable (N,N′-cystaminebisacrylamide) and/or inert (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide) molecule in four combinations. Gold nanostructures were then synthesized within these hydrogel matrices by in situ reduction of a metal ion precursor. The resulting eight nanocomposites and their non-gold-containing (native) analogs were characterized with several analytical methods. UV–visible and infrared spectroscopy revealed differences among the samples based largely on the concentration and identity of cross-linking agent. Equilibrium swelling masses and phase transition behavior point to differences among samples on charge of the hydrogel backbone, cross-linker type, and presence or absence of gold nanostructures. A molecular level explanation for these observations is described.