特稠油乳化降黏机理研究

研究了胜利油田罗家高硫特稠油的黏度及其极性四组分、有机杂原子、金属元素的关联。结果表明，该稠油的高黏度主要与三个因素有关：（1） 含有高分子量的胶质和沥青质组分；（2） 硫的质量分数很高；（3） 金属元素V、Fe、Ni形成配位络合物增加了沥青质的内聚力。同时考察了所筛选的降黏剂的效果，降黏剂明显降低了油水界面张力，使得稠油的黏度降低。比较了添加降黏剂前后沥青质的电子探针照片的变化，推测降黏剂分子借助强的形成氢键的能力和渗透、分散作用进入沥青质片状分子之间，破坏了沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体，使聚集结构变得疏松，表明聚集有序性降低是稠油降黏的主要机理。

Mechanism of viscosity reduction of ultra-heavy oil by emulsification

The relationship between the viscosity of Luojia ultra-heavy oil from Shengli oil field and its polar fractions,heteroatoms,metallic elements was investigated.It is found that the high viscosity of the oil is related with three factors: resin and asphaltene with high molecular weight,high sulphur content and the enhanced cohesion of asphaltene by macrocyclic compound formed by V,Fe and Ni.Simultaneously the effect of the viscosity reduction was examined.The interfacial tensions of water-oils are reduced greatly by the viscosity reducing agent,thus the viscosity of the ultra-heavy oil is reduced.The electron microprobe pictures of asphaltene is compared before and after treatment.On the basis of these evidences it can be concluded that the viscosity reducing agent can infiltrate into plate-like asphaltene molecules by forming hydrogen bond,infiltration and dispersion,so that the order of aggregation of the plate-like asphaltene molecules is lowered and the plate-on-plate aggregations become randomly packed ones.