Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly and Anticancer Potency Studies of Ruthenium–Cobalt‐Based Heterometallic Rectangles |
| |
Authors: | Dr Nem Singh Dr Sunphil Jang Jae‐Ho Jo Dong Hwan Kim Dae Won Park InHye Kim Dr Hyunuk Kim Prof Se Chan Kang Prof Ki‐Whan Chi |
| |
Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Oriental Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea;3. Energy Materials Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, Republic of Korea |
| |
Abstract: | Three new cobalt–ruthenium heterometallic molecular rectangles, 1 – 3 , were synthesized through the coordination‐driven self‐assembly of a new cobalt sandwich donor, (η5‐Cp)CoC4‐trans‐Ph2(4‐Py)2] (L ; Cp: cyclopentyl; Py: pyridine), and one of three dinuclear precursors, (p‐cymene)2Ru2(OO∩OO)2Cl2] OO∩OO: oxalato ( A1 ), 5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphthoquinone ( A2 ), or 6,11‐dioxido‐5,12‐naphthacenedione ( A3 )]. All of the self‐assembled architectures were isolated in very good yield (92–94 %) and were fully characterized by spectroscopic analysis; the molecular structures of 2 and 3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activities of bimetallic rectangles 1 – 3 were evaluated with a 3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, an autophagy assay, and Western blotting. Rectangles 1 – 3 showed higher cytotoxicity than doxorubicin in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. In addition, the autophagic activities and apoptotic cell death ratios were increased in AGS cells by treatment with 1 – 3 ; the rectangles induced autophagosome formation by promoting LC3‐I to LC3‐II conversion and apoptotic cell death by increasing caspase‐3/7 activity. Our results suggest that rectangles 1 – 3 induce gastric cancer cell death by modulating autophagy and apoptosis and that they have potential use as agents for the treatment of human gastric cancer. |
| |
Keywords: | antitumor agents cobalt metallacycles ruthenium self-assembly |
|
|