Oxo‐Functionalized Graphene as a Cell Membrane Carrier of Nucleic Acid Probes Controlled by Aging |
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| Authors: | Dr. H. Pieper C. E. Halbig Dr. L. Kovbasyuk Prof. Dr. M. R. Filipovic Prof. Dr. S. Eigler Prof. Dr. A. Mokhir |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit?t Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany;2. Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit?t Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fürth, Germany;3. Universite de Bordeaux, IBGC, Bordeaux, France;4. CNRS, IBGC, Bordeaux, France;5. Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, G?teborg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | We applied a fluorescein‐containing oligonucleotide (ON) to probe surface properties of oxidized graphene (oxo‐G) and observed that graphene‐like patches are formed upon aging of oxo‐G, indicated by enhanced probe binding and by FTIR spectroscopic analysis. By using a recently developed fluorogenic endoperoxide (EP) probe, we confirmed that during the aging process the amount of EPs on the oxo‐G surface is reduced. Furthermore, aging was found to strongly affect cell membrane carrier properties of this material. In particular, freshly prepared oxo‐G does not act as a carrier, whereas oxo‐G aged for 28 days at 4 °C is an excellent carrier. Based on these data we prepared an optimized oxo‐G, which has a low‐defect density, binds ONs, is not toxic, and acts as cell membrane carrier. We successfully applied this material to design fluorogenic probes of representative intracellular nucleic acids 28S rRNA and β‐actin‐mRNA. The results will help to standardize oxidized graphene derivatives for biomedical and bioanalytical applications. |
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| Keywords: | aging graphene oxide oligonucleotides oxo-functionalized graphene spectroscopy |
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