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Mercury transformations in chemical agent simulant as characterized by X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy
Authors:Skubal Laura R  Biedron Sandra G  Newville Matthew  Schneider John F  Milton Stephen V  Pianetta Piero  O'Neill H Jack
Institution:a Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
b Consortium for Advanced Radiation Science, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439-4815, USA
c Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69, Menlo Park, CA 94025-7015, USA
Abstract:Chemical analyses of U.S. stockpiled mustard chemical warfare agent show some agent destined for destruction contains mercury L. Ember, Chem. Eng. News 82 (2004) 8]. Because of its toxicity, mercury must be removed from agent prior to incineration or be scrubbed from incineration exhaust to prevent release into the atmosphere. Understanding mercury/agent interactions is critical if either atmospheric or aqueous treatment processes are used. We investigate and compare the state of mercury in water to that in thiodiglycol, a mustard simulant, as co-contaminants are introduced. The effects of sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide, common neutralization chemicals, on mercury in water and simulant with and without co-contaminants present are examined using X-ray absorption fine spectroscopy (XAFS).
Keywords:Mercury  Thiodiglycol  XAFS  Chemical warfare agent simulant  Mustard
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