A microfluidic paper-based analytical device for rapid quantification of particulate chromium |
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| Authors: | Poomrat Rattanarat Wijitar Dungchai David M. Cate Weena Siangproh John Volckens Orawon Chailapakul Charles S. Henry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut''s University of Technology Thonburi, 91 Prachautid Road, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand;4. School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States;5. Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States;6. National Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;g Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States |
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| Abstract: | Occupational exposure to Cr is concerning because of its myriad of health effects. Assessing chromium exposure is also cost and resource intensive because the analysis typically uses sophisticated instrumental techniques like inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Here, we report a novel, simple, inexpensive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for measuring total Cr in airborne particulate matter. In the μPAD, tetravalent cerium (Ce(IV)) was used in a pretreatment zone to oxidize all soluble Cr to Cr(VI). After elution to the detection zone, Cr(VI) reacts with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (1,5-DPC) forming 1,5-diphenylcarbazone (DPCO) and Cr(III). The resulting Cr(III) forms a distinct purple colored complex with the DPCO. As proof-of-principle, particulate matter (PM) collected on a sample filter was analyzed with the μPAD to quantify the mass of total Cr. A log-linear working range (0.23–3.75 μg; r2 = 0.998) between Cr and color intensity was obtained with a detection limit of 0.12 μg. For validation, a certified reference containing multiple competing metals was analyzed. Quantitative agreement was obtained between known Cr levels in the sample and the Cr measured using the μPAD. |
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| Keywords: | Paper-based analytical device Microfluidics Chromium Particulate matter |
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