Amperometric sensing of norepinephrine at picomolar concentrations using screen printed,high surface area mesoporous carbon |
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Authors: | Mingzhi Dai Brittney Haselwood Bryan D. Vogt Jeffrey T. La Belle |
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Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering Program, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States;2. Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States;3. Harrington Program of Biomedical Engineering, in the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States;4. Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States |
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Abstract: | Norepinephrine (NE) is detected amperometrically using the enzyme Phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase and cofactor S-(5′-Adenosyl)-l-methionine chloride dihydrochloride with disposable screen printed mesoporous carbon electrodes. The role of internal surface area and pore size of the mesoporous carbon is systematically examined using soft-templated, mesoporous silica–carbon powders with highly microporous walls obtained from etching of the silica to produce powders with surface areas ranging from 671–2339 m2 g−1. As the surface area increases, the sensitivity of the biosensor at very low NE concentrations (0–500 pg mL−1) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) increases just as the current signal increases with respect to the NE concentration of 81–1581 μA mL ng−1 cm−2 for the mesoporous carbons. The best performing electrode provides similar sensitivity in whole rabbit blood in comparison to PBS despite no membrane layer to filter the non-desired reactants; the small (<5 nm) pore size and large internal surface area acts to minimize non-specific events that decrease sensitivity. |
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Keywords: | Norepinephrine Sensor Mesoporous carbon Electrochemistry Self-assembly Porous materials |
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