Capisterones A and B from the tropical green alga Penicillus capitatus: unexpected anti-fungal defenses targeting the marine pathogen Lindra thallasiae |
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Authors: | Melany P Puglisi |
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Institution: | Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA |
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Abstract: | The mechanism by which marine algae show resistance to pathogenic microorganisms remains poorly understood. To examine the possible role that algal secondary metabolites play in the prevention of infection, we examined the abundant green alga Penicillus capitatus, one of the major shallow water algae found in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Both aqueous and EtOAc extracts of this alga were found to be potent inhibitors of the well-known marine algal pathogen Lindra thallasiae. Using L. thallasiae in bioassay-guided fractionation, we isolated two new triterpene sulfate esters, capisterones A (1) and B (2). The capisterones are potent inhibitors of L. thallasiae at natural and below natural concentrations. The structures of the capisterones, with relative stereochemistry only, were assigned by comprehensive spectral analyses that relied heavily on 2D NMR methods. |
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Keywords: | Penicillus capitatus Lindra thallasiae Antifungal defense Triterpenoid sulfate |
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