Modified-cold induced aggregation microextraction based on ionic liquid and fibre optic-linear array detection spectrophotometric determination of palladium in saline solutions

In this research, a novel microextraction technique based on ionic liquids (ILs) termed in modified-cold induced aggregation microextraction (M-CIAME) was used for determination of palladium in saline solution. 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphtol (PAN) was chosen as the complexing agent. Analysis was carried out using fibre optic-linear array detection spectrophotometric method which is suitable for analyte determination after microextraction. M-CIAME is based on phase separation phenomenon of ionic liquids in aqueous solutions. This method is simple and rapid for extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from water samples. It can be applied for the sample solutions containing much higher concentrations of salt, in comparison with CIAME (cold induced aggregation microextraction). Furthermore, this technique is much safer in comparison with other microextraction techniques in which organic solvent is used as the extraction solvent. Some effective parameters on extraction and complex formation such as amount of IL, salt effect, pH, concentration of the chelating agent and the other parameters were optimised. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (n?=?5) for 20?ng?mL^?1 of palladium were 0.4?ng?mL^?1 and 2.23%, respectively. The extraction percentage was 86%.