一种基于起伏地形与辐射电场分布相似性的指纹辅助定位方法仿真研究

在使用基于接收信号强度指示器（received signal strength indicator, RSSI）的指纹定位的过程中，通常要在离线阶段构建它的场强地图. 然而，在构建场强地图时，山区地形的复杂性常常导致我们难以确定测量区域的位置. 针对如何定位这些缺少位置信息的测量区域问题，文中提出了一种基于起伏地形与辐射电场分布相似性的定位方法. 该方法利用电场场值在发射源附近快速衰减的变化趋势与地形起伏高度降落的变化趋势相近，以及辐射电场的干涉条纹形状与地形轮廓相似这两种规律，以二维相关系数表征二者相似度，运用模板匹配算法，有效确定了测量区域在地理环境中的位置. 以二维随机粗糙面模拟起伏地形，通过地形中不同位置、不同大小的模板区域、不同发射天线高度和不同地形地貌下的多角度仿真实验，以重叠率作为性能评价指标，验证了方法的有效性.

Simulation research on a localization method based on similarity of relief terrain and radiated electric field distribution

In the process of fingerprint location based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI), its field strength map is usually constructed in the offline phase. However, when the field strength map is built, the complexity of mountain terrain often makes it difficult to determine the location of the survey area. To solve the problem of how to locate these measurement areas which lack position information, this paper proposes a location method based on the similarity of relief terrain and radiated electric strength distribution. The method utilizes the two laws that the change trend of electric field strength rapidly decays near the emitting source is similar to the change trend of topographic relief height drop, and the interference fringe shape of the radiated electric field is similar to the topographic profile, and the similarity between the two is characterized by two-dimensional correlation coefficient, and the position of the measuring area in the geographical environment is effectively determined by using template matching algorithm. In this paper, two-dimensional random rough surface is used to simulate undulating terrain, and the effectiveness of the method is verified by multi-angle simulation experiments under different positions, template areas of different sizes, and different heights of transmitting antennas and different topography and geomorphology, with the overlap rate as the performance evaluation index.