隔膜电解法测定离子水化数

在电解质溶液中,离子往往以水化离子形式存在,水化离子的形成影响溶液的静态和动态性质。离子水化数的测定有助于了解电解质溶液的结构,也为电解质溶液理论所需要。在已经提出的测定离子水化数的方法中,被引用得较多的几种经典方法和近代方法,或者由于方法本身的限制,或者在处理数据时所作的假设不尽合理,因此这些方法尚未满意地解决离子水化数的测定。迄今人们仍在不断寻求各种新的方法。本文将离子交换膜作为电解池的隔膜,电解时测量通过电解池的电量和阴极室或阳极室溶液体积的变化,并作必要的体

DETERMINATION OF IONIC HYDRATION NUMBERS BY THE MEMBRANE ELECTROLYSIS METHOD

This paper suggests a method for the determination of the ionic hydration num- bers, The method is based on the selectivity of the ion exchange membrane for ion to pass through.Only one kind of ions—anions or cations is allowed to get across the membrane, when an ion exchange membrane is used as an electrolysis membrane. Three factors causing the volume change of solution in electrode compartment are counted here: (1) the transference of water which are carried by transferring ions, (2)the transference of ions, (3) the electrode reaction. By means of the measured volume change of solution in the anode or cathode compartment, minus the volume change caused by the latter two factors, the transferring volume of water can be obtained, then the transferring mole numbers of water can be calculated. The transferring mole numbers of ions can be calculated from the neasurement of quantities of electricity. The transferring mole numbers of water were divided by the transferring mole numbers of ions, that is the ionic hydration number....