半导体光解水制氢研究:现状、挑战及展望

通过半导体光催化分解水反应实现太阳能向清洁能源氢能的转化，是解决人类面临的能源和环境危机的终极途径之一。该过程的关键是开发宽光谱响应、高效的光催化剂，到目前为止，调控能带结构、制备活性晶面、构建异质结构、负载助催化剂等诸多方法被广泛应用于扩展半导体材料的吸光范围和提高其光催化活性。本文介绍了半导体光解水制氢的基本原理，并综述了该领域的研究进展，重点关注提高半导体光催化活性的方法及其所面临的挑战和瓶颈问题，并结合相关课题组的研究工作提出可能的应对策略。

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water Splitting Using Semiconductors: Advance, Challenge and Prospects

Achieving energy conversion from solar to clean hydrogen through water splitting reaction photo-catalyzed by a semiconductor is one of the ultimate ways to solve mankind''s energy and environmental crisis. The key to this goal is the development of a wide spectral responsive, and efficient photocatalyst. To date, engineering band gap and crystal facet, constructing semiconductor heterostructures and loading cocatalysts were adopted to expand absorbance range and improve photocatalytic avtivity of semiconductors. In this paper, we have introduced the basic principles and reviewed the research advances of photocatalytic water splitting. The paper is focused on the challenges and bottlenecks in improving the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors, and some coping strategies are also proposed based on relative group''s research.